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Pengelompokkan Kabupaten/Kota Berdasarkan Jumlah Kasus Penderita Penyakit Menular di Jawa Tengah Tahun 2022 Menggunakan Analisis Cluster has been accepted

2024-12-19T02:41:57+00:00

Infectious diseases, such as measles, AIDS, leprosy, leptospirosis, acute respiratory infections (ARI), and pneumonia, are still major health problems in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Factors such as population density, community mobility, environmental conditions, and socio-economic inequality influence the pattern of disease spread. Each district/city has unique characteristics in dealing with the spread of infectious diseases, thus requiring a region-specific policy approach. This study uses cluster analysis, a multivariate statistical technique that aims to group regions based on similarities in the number of infectious disease cases in 2022. Two clustering methods were used: complete linkage for the hierarchical approach and K-means for the non-hierarchical approach. Data on the number of infectious disease cases in Central Java Province in 2022 showed high variation in ARI and pneumonia, with values that were quite large and far from zero. In contrast, measles, AIDS, leprosy, and leptospirosis have low variation, with standard deviation values close to the mean, these data meet the assumptions of cluster analysis, namely multivariate normal distribution and dependence. The clustering method used consisted of two approaches: hierarchical clustering using the complete linkage method, districts were grouped into five clusters, and non-hierarchical clustering (k-means) resulted in the same grouping of five clusters.

Reform of the Juvenile Justice System Regarding the Age Limit for Criminal Responsibility

2024-12-21T09:54:03+00:00

This study examines the legal reform of the age limit for criminal responsibility of children within Indonesia's juvenile justice system, focusing on Law No. 11 of 2012, which sets a minimum age of 12 years. The research delves into the historical and legal evolution of juvenile justice in Indonesia, highlighting key legislative milestones and the impact of international conventions such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It also analyzes previous regulations affecting child protection and considers how legal reforms have aimed to balance accountability with the principle of the best interests of the child. Additionally, the study explores the adoption of the restorative justice approach as an alternative to punitive measures, emphasizing rehabilitation over retribution. Despite notable progress, the findings reveal persistent challenges in implementing these reforms, underscoring the need for stronger institutional frameworks and enhanced collaboration among relevant stakeholders to ensure comprehensive child protection.

Legal Vacuums in the Submission of Notary Protocols

2024-12-21T09:53:50+00:00

This research discusses the legal protection of the immunity rights of advocates in the context of law enforcement in Indonesia. Advocate immunity is a legal guarantee provided to advocates to perform their duties independently and without fear of interference from others. This immunity is essential to ensure that advocates can provide effective legal defense for their clients without worrying about legal repercussions that could hinder the defense process. However, the implementation of advocate immunity rights in Indonesia still faces various challenges, including the potential for abuse of immunity and a lack of understanding among law enforcement regarding the limits of advocate immunity. In this article, the authors analyze the laws and regulations governing the rights of advocate immunity, as well as practical issues in the field related to the protection of these rights. By employing a normative approach and case analysis, this article offers recommendations to enhance legal protection of advocate immunity rights in the law enforcement process in Indonesia, alongside emphasizing the importance of education for law enforcement and the public regarding advocates' rights.

Conflict of Interest in Absentee Agricultural Land Ownership by Civil Servants

2024-12-21T09:53:38+00:00

This research discusses the conflict of interest in absentee agricultural land ownership by Civil Servants (PNS) in Indonesia, which affects land distribution inequality, declining agricultural productivity, and social tensions within the community. In the agrarian context, land ownership by civil servants who do not actively manage their land has the potential to hinder small farmers' access to agrarian resources. This research explores the efforts that can be made to address these conflicts, including regulatory reviews, the implementation of transparency and accountability, community empowerment, and the execution of policies that support sustainable and participatory land management