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Idea : p�ISSN: 2684-6853� e-ISSN : 2684-883X�����
Vol. 2, No. 8, Agustus 2020
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THE ANALYSIS OF INCUBATION TO THE START UP IN TERMS OF SALES REVENUE,
JOB CREATION, INITIAL CAPITAL AND START UP AGE WITH THE NON-INCUBATION START UP
Kireyna Rahmah
Telkom University
Email: [email protected]
Abstrak
Currently the development of new business in Indonesia is growing
rapidly alongside with the development a technology. The development of new
business or what we called start up also effect to the development of many
incubation program especially in Bandung city as the place where creativity
began. This incubation program expect to help a new business to receive a
support and guidance as they enter their market in order to have a good
productivity. This study aims to determine the effect of incubation program
toward the start up in terms of sales revenue growth, job creation, initial
capital and start up age. Whether there is differences between incubated and
non-incubated start up. Research method that being used is quantitative, based
on the type of analysis that being used. The type of analysis that being used
in this research is descriptive, in processing using descriptive test in order
to analyze data. The population that being used in this study is start up that
located in Bandung city, where the total sample in this study is 10 start up.
This study uses Mann-Whitney U Test in order to analyzed the data Based on
research results and discussion, there is differences between incubated and
non-incubated start up in terms of sales revenue growth, job creation, initial
capital, and start up age. The incubated start up have higher sales revenue
growth, more lower number of employees, has lower initial capital and were
younger than non-incubated one. Despite the differences, the Mann-Whitney U
Test shown that the differences of them is not meaningful
Kata kunci: Sales
Revenue Growth; Job Creation; Initial Capital; Start up Age; Start Up;
Incubation; Bandung City
Pendahuluan
Currently the development of technology and information is
also growing rapidly that have many benefits for all people in this world. For
company or organization of technology and information is sues to achieve a
competitive advantages against its competitors in developing a product or services.
Alongside with the advancement in technology and information that are growing
rapidly have influenced in various field, one of that field is business. Many
business people using the development of technology and information as a medium
to support the progress of the business that they run (Brem & Borchardt, 2014).
Business start up as a new business that based on business
technology. Usually business start up are being categorical as a newly
established and still in growth stage to find the right product or services
with the right target market. But, in reality there is some obstacle while
doing this start up business such as financing operational activities and how
to gain the customer (Susanto & Herdiyanti, 2017).
Incubation and acceleration program for start up is one of
factor that can help and accelerate the development of the start up. This
program is usually being initiated by investors or governments, who expect
success from the start ups that they funded before.
In incubator the activity that they do is an introduction
about start up in front of investor, to letting them know about the product and
their business model. After that, start up can get direction and mentoring to
have good concept, product, marketing and etc that can helping to speed up the
business.
Bandung that famous as creativity have a lot of interesting
place to explore an ideas and creativity. Since 2012, Bandung has Bandung
Digital Valley an incubator and co-working space located in the Telkom complex
in the Gegerkalong area.
If we see the phenomenon that happen regarding start up and
their incubator itself. As we know that business incubator start up as a place
where� start ups receive support and
guidance as they tackle the market and search for investment.
Alongside with that, do business incubator really enhance
entrepreneurial growth or whether incubator start up are in line with the
purpose building those facility. Is there any differences between incubated and
non-incubated start up based on their sales revenue, job creation, initial
capital and start up age.
According to the explanation and background above. The author
are interested to do research by analyzing the incubated and non-incubated
startup in Bandung to know whether the incubator startup really enhance the
startup and also to know with incubation did the startup exhibit better
performance rather than non-incubated one.
With those explanation and background above, the author will
do a research with the title �The analysis of Incubation to the Start up in
terms of Sales Revenue Growth, Job Creation, Initial Capital and Start Up Age
with the non-incubation Start up firms�
According to Scraam (2006) in (Serian, 2009) Entrepreneurship is a process of a
person or group of people responsible for ����������� ealing with economic risks in forming new
organizations by applying the latest technologies and innovations to create
value for surrounding.
As stated by (Suryana, 2011) that �To be a successful entrepreneur, we must have a clear
business idea or vision, then there is willingness and courage to face the risk
of both time and money�. (Noor, 2007) said that �A business is said to be
successful in its business if after a certain period of time the business has
increased both in capital, business scale, result or profit, type of business
or management�. That means the number of labor absorption can be an indicator
that a business is a success.
The
indicator of business success according to (Suryana, 2011) business
success consist of :
1. Capital
2. Revenue
3. Sales
Volume
4. Production
Output
5. Labor
����������� The success of business
can be identified with the company growth. That term is interpreted as a
process of increasing the quantity of company dimension. The development of
company is a process of increasing the number of employees or job creation, and
increasing capital.
According to (Ries Eric, 2013) �A start up is a human institution designed to create
a new product or service under conditions of extreme uncertainty�. Defined that
star ups are individuals, personal or companies. To create new products or
services to face of high uncertainty that happen so, renewable management is
needed. Because, start up essentially dynamic and innovative.
According to (van PraagC, 2008), the small and young firms have positive contribution
on job creation, innovation and productivity. Alongside with that, (Coad, Daunfeldt, Hölzl, Johansson, & Nightingale, 2014) stated that a small number
of high growth firms contribute large number on job creation. This could happen
probably because of these kind of firms gain benefit from another forms of
public and policy support. Business incubation is one of the most common forms
of such support.
The phenomenon of the emergence of accelerators and
incubators is in line with the rapid growth of the start up nowadays. Start up
itself currently has a role as a driver of innovation in the economy world.
That�s why a lot of countries in the world are trying to develop and support
the start up through the development of incubator or accelerator.
Metode
Penelitian
Type of research that being used in this study is
quantitative descriptive analysis. According on (Sugiyono, 2017) Quantitative methods can be interpreted as research
methods based on the philosophy of positivism, used to examine certain
populations or samples, the sampling technique is generally done randomly, data
collection using research instruments, quantitative data analysis with the aim
of testing predetermined hypotheses. While the type of research used is
quantitative descriptive which is done to describe a phenomenon, event that
occurs factually, systematically, and accurately.
According on �(Sugiyono, 2012) Descriptive is a method that serves to describe or
give an overview of the object under study through data or samples that have
been collected as they are, without analyzing and making generally accepted
conclusions.
In
this quantitative descriptive study, the author tries to describe whether there
is differences between incubated and non-incubated start up. Following with
previous studies (Albort-Morant & Oghazi, 2016; Lukeš, Longo,
& Zouhar, 2019), present the sample of
incubated and non-incubated start up firms is much larger on sales revenue and jobs
enabling an analysis of the short and long-term effect of business incubation.
Population is not only people, but also an object
and another natural. Because of the small number of population, in this
research population and sample have the same number. After do the research, the
total number of sample that being used is 10 start up.
Case study research typically includes multiple data
collection techniques and data are collected from multiple sources. Data
collection techniques include interviews, observations (direct and
participant), questionnaires, and relevant documents (Yin, 2017).
In this research, the author will collect the data through an
interview, observation and other relevant document regarding each of the start
up. The data collection was carried out in Bandung city, west java. Respondents
in this study were people who have start up by using research instrument in the
form of an short interview between the author and the informant from the start
up
In the interview there are 10 questions related to the sales
revenue growth and job creation as well as the start up itself. The duration
for each interview is 20-60 minutes.
This study is included as non - parametrist test with
Mann-Whitney u test as a method in order to calculated the data. This test
being used when independent t-test can�t be done because of normality
assumption cant being fulfilled.
This method being used to know the differentiation between
two group median when the dependent variable data is ordinal or ratio and also
when the distribution of the data is not normal. The data that has been
collected also from two different subject and the number of sample from two
group also can be different.
With the data that has been analyzed between incubated and
non-incubated start up later using Mann-Whitney U test we can know whether
there is differences between incubated start up and non-incubated start up and
whether those differences is meaningful or not.
Hasil dan Pembahasan
A. Respondent Chararacteristic
Table 1
Respondent Chracteristic
|
No. |
Name of Start Up |
Name of Informant |
Position |
Type of Start Up |
Field of Start Up |
|
1 |
Create it |
Rea |
Founder |
Incubated |
Services |
|
2 |
Koseeer |
Hadi |
Founder |
Incubated |
Services |
|
3 |
Fifaoutdoor |
Firman |
Founder |
Incubated |
Services |
|
4 |
Bluedolphin |
Itang |
Founder |
Incubated |
Services |
|
5 |
Zeta Digital |
Fakhri Azam |
Founder |
Incubated |
Services |
|
6 |
Jagospeaking |
Agnie |
Founder |
Incubated |
Services |
|
7 |
Roketin |
Ivan |
Co-founder |
Non |
Services |
|
8 |
Rescope |
Rea |
Founder |
Non |
Services |
|
9 |
PT. Adaya Solusi |
Ridwan |
Founder |
Non |
Services |
|
10 |
Sapubersih |
Tomi |
Manager |
Non |
Services |
�In the interview there are
10 questions related to the sales revenue growth and job creation as well as
the start up itself. The duration for each interview is 20-60 minutes. From the table 4.1 we can see
that all of the start up field is in services. Which divided into two type of
start up. 6 an incubated start up and 4 non-incubated start up
This study is to
know whether there is differences between incubated start up and
non--incubated start up. There is two choices for each dependent variable which
is sales revenue growth, job creation, initial capital and start up age as
follows:
a)
H0 : There is no differences
between incubated start up and non-incubated start up.
b)
H1 : There is differences
between incubated and non-incubated start up.
B. Research Result and Discussion
1. Research Result
From
the interview that has been done between the author and the informant from the
start up. The data that has been collected as follow:
Table
2
Descriptive
Analysis for Quantitative Variable
|
Variable |
Incubated |
Non-Incubated |
|
Diff |
|||||||
|
N |
Mean |
SD |
Min |
Max |
N |
Mean |
SD |
Min |
Max |
|
|
|
Revenue (in %) |
6 |
0.6 |
0.704 |
0.1 |
2 |
4 |
0,1883 |
0.167 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
0.108 |
|
No. of Employee |
6 |
6.67 |
4.50 |
3.00 |
15.00 |
4 |
16.00 |
12.78 |
8.00 |
35.00 |
0.116 |
|
Start up Age |
6 |
2.67 |
1.03 |
2.00 |
4.00 |
4 |
3.75 |
1.26 |
2.00 |
5.00 |
1.101 |
|
Initial Capital (in 000Rp) |
6 |
23.333 |
47.547 |
0.00 |
120.00 |
4 |
78.750 |
58.931 |
15.000 |
150.000 |
0.083 |
|
No. of Peers |
6 |
15.5 |
2.8 |
10.0 |
17.0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0,00 |
|
Regional GDP (in 000Rp) |
6 |
264.552 |
264.552 |
264.552 |
264.552 |
4 |
264.552 |
264.552 |
264.552 |
264.552 |
0,00 |
|
City Size (population) |
6 |
2507888 |
2507888 |
2507888 |
2507888 |
4 |
2507888 |
2507888 |
2507888 |
2507888 |
0,00 |
*regional
GDP or Gross Domestic Product and City Size is Bandung City GDP and city size
based on the data from Bandungkota.bps.go.id
Sources : Author Data Processing
From that table 4.2 in above we can see
there are differences number of start up between incubated and non-incubated
start up. For the incubated start up there are six start up and four for
non-incubated start up. That differences could effect the result for each
variable too.
From the table we can conclude
that incubated start up have higher sales revenue growth, have less employees,
more younger and have lower initial capital rather than non-incubated start up.
2.
Man Whitney U Test
Table 3
Man Whitney U Test
|
|
Sales
Revenue Growth |
Number
of Employees |
Initial
Capital |
Start
Up Age |
||||
|
|
Incubated |
Non-Incubated |
Incubated |
Non-Incubated |
Incubated |
Non-Incubated |
Incubated |
Non-Incubated |
|
Count |
6 |
4 |
6 |
4 |
6 |
4 |
6 |
4 |
|
Rank
Sum |
1.25 |
2.75 |
41.92 |
1.75 |
3.5 |
1.5 |
1.92 |
2.38 |
|
U
Values |
41.00 |
31.25 |
31.25 |
32.25 |
41.25 |
31.25 |
43.08 |
31.63 |
|
α |
0,05 |
0,05 |
0,05 |
0,05 |
||||
|
Tails |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
||||
|
U
Values |
31.25 |
32,35 |
31.25 |
31.63 |
||||
|
U
Critical |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
||||
|
Significance |
NO |
NO |
NO |
NO |
||||
Sources : Author Data Processing
Following the hypothesis
criteria below, we can assume and compare between incubated start up and
non-incubated start up based on their sales revenue growth, number of
employees, initial capital, and start up age. With this test we can� know whether there is differences between
each variable and also whether those differences meaningful or not.
The
following hypothesis :
1. H0:
U Value > U Table, there is no meaningful differences between incubated and
non-incubated start up based on� their
sales revenue
2. H1:
U Value < U Table, there is meaningful differences between incubated and
non-incubated start up
From the statistic analysis of Mann-Whitney u test of sales revenue
growth, number of employees, initial capital and start up
age of
incubated start up on the table 4.3 �above shown that there is no
meaningful differences between incubated non-incubated start up with U Values
higher than U table for each variable.
�Therefore, it can conclude that H0
is accepted.
C. Discussion
1)
Based on the table 4.2 and
table 4.3 of the data that has been collected between incubated and
non-incubated start up. If we compare the data on both table the non-incubated
start up have 3/4 higher variable rather than incubated start up. That variable
is number of employee, initial capital�
and the start up age. That means incubated start up have lower initial
capital with less number of employee and more younger than non-incubated start up
2)
Based on the table 4.2 sales revenue
growth, the incubated start up had higher growth rather than non-incubated
one.� The�
average� values� 0.6 for incubated start up and 0.18 for
non-incubated start up. Which means that incubated start up have higher sales
revenue growth rather than non-incubated start
up.
But, if you see on the result from table 4.3 of the Mann-Whitney
U test for sales revenue growth shown that there is no significant meaningful
differences between incubated and non-incubated one with U values higher than U
table. 31.25 > 2.
An incubated start up could has higher growth rate
rather than non-incubated one because of several reasons. One of them is when
an incubated start up join an incubation program, they being lead how to manage
the team, manage their financial and also learn how to market your product with
the right target market. This experience being gain from people who has
experience their sector.
Its in
line research by (Cáceres-Carrasco & Guzmán-Cuevas, 2010) that stated an
entrepreneurs need advice from other people with knowledge and experience in
order to avoid mistakes when creating and running businesses.
Based
on the Mann-Whitney test. The differences that happen between incubated start
up and non-incubated start up based on their�
sales revenue growth shown that there is no meaningful differences
between both of them. Which mean even though there is differences, that
differences isn�t big
3)
For initial capital, the
average value of incubated start up is lower than non-incubated one at values
Rp. 23,333,333 and Rp. 78,750,000. this number could indicate than non-incubated
start up need more capital in order to run their business rather than incubated
one.
This
could happen because, after conduct the interview. Mostly an incubated start up
gain investment through the incubation program and gain some knowledge regarding
team management. That�s why an incubated start up has lower initial capital and
number of employees with high revenue rather than non-incubated one.
As seen
on the table 4.3 of Mann-Whitney test for initial capital, its also shown
that there is no significance meaningful differences between incubated and
non-incubated start up with values of U table lower than U values. The values
of U table is at 2 and the result of Mann-Whitney Test is at 32.25.
4)
The start up age average values at table 4.3 also shown differences at 3.75 for non-incubated start
up and table 4.2 for incubated start up at 2.67 This number indicate that
non-incubated start up were little bit older than incubated start up
This
number also indicate that even though the non-incubated start up is older than
incubated start up, they still have lower sales revenue growth. But, based on
the table 4.11 of Mann-Whitney test for start up age shown that there is no
significant meaningful differences between incubated and non-incubated one with
values of U values bigger than U table at 31.38
for U values and 2 for U table.
5) After
doing the interview and the data analysis. We can conclude that even though
there is differences between each variable which is sales revenue growth, job
creation, initial capital and start up age. The differences not meaningful for
both groups.
That could happen because of the number of sample is
too small and didn�t represent all of the start up in Bandung city.
Kesimpulan
Based on the results
of research that has been done regarding the analysis of incubation to the
start up in terms of sales revenue and job creation with� the non-incubation start up that have been
done in Bandung city. Then some conclusions are obtained to answer the problem
formulation in this study. The conclusions obtained by researchers are as
follows :
1)� Based on the
research result that has been done on six incubated start up in Bandung city,
the average value for incubated start up in terms of sales revenue growth is
0.6, job creation is 6.67, for initial capital is Rp.23,333,333 and average
value of the start up age is 2.67
2)� Based on the
research result of four non-incubated start up. For the� average value or means of sales revenue
growth, job creation, initial capital, and start up age in sequence is at
0.183, 16, Rp.78,750,000 and 3.75
3)� Based on the
research result, there is positive effect of incubation program toward a start
up by having better the average of sales revenue, lower initial capital and
younger rather than non-incubated one, but based on the hypothesis test that
has been done there is no significant meaningful differences between incubated
and non-incubated one. Which mean that the null hypothesis is accepted. This
could happen by several reason such as : the lack of comprehensive data and
didn�t contain all of the start up in Indonesia.
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