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JOURNAL
SYNTAX IDEA p�ISSN:
2723-4339 e-ISSN: 2548-1398 |
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Vol.
5, No. 6, June 2023 |
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The Effect of Hypnotherapy in the Management of Scaling in Autistic Children
Dewi
Sartika, Supriyana, Tri Wiyatini,
Masrifan Djamil, Endah Aryati Eko Ningtyas
Poltekkes Ministry of Health Semarang
Abstract
According to
WHO in Indonesia there are 7-10% of children with special needs. Children with
special needs have lower levels of dental and oral health and hygiene than
normal children. Based on a survey in Velezuelan and
a study in Malaysia, autistic children have calculus with poor criteria. Autism
is one of the complex disorders of child development. Autistic children have
problems with their behavior, one of which is hyperactivity or hyperactivity.
Hypnotherapy is a method of treatment and healing commonly known as hypnosis.
Hypnosis is one therapy that is expected to reduce the level of hyperactivity
and cooperation in autistic children. This study aims to prove the effect of
hypnotherapy in the management of scaling in autistic children by increasing children's
cooperative attitudes and decreasing calculus index in autistic children. This
research is a quasy experiment pre and post-test
design ( Non-equivalent Control Group). Respondents amounted to 20 children
divided into 2 groups. The data of the model test results were analyzed using
paired t tests and independent t tests. Based on the results of the study, the
effect of hypnotherapy on increasing the cooperative attitude of autistic
children is with (P = 0.000), and decreasing the calculus index with (P =
0.000). And showed the delta value of the child's cooperative attitude (10.100)
which was higher than the control group and calculus index (1.166) which was
higher than the control group. The influence of hypnotherapy in the management
of scaling in autistic children is characterized by an increase in the child's
cooperative attitude and a decrease in the calculus index in autistic children.
Keywords: Hypnotherapy, calculus index, cooperative attitude,
autism.
INTRODUCTION
Autism or Autism Syndrome, is a very complex developmental disorder that occurs in children under the age of three . People with autism show various
disorders such as
communication, behavior, and social interaction
(Mansoor, 2016) . Autistic children also have their own world, isolated from human life, because they are unable to build and communicate with normal social relationships (Nugraheni, 2016) . People
with autism also have spontaneity
and an
inability to use their
imagination, lack sensory and imaginative functions, are prone to digestive problems such as restricted intake, and have sleep problems, and are picky eaters. (Asrizal, 2016) .
Individuals with special needs have a lower level of dental
and oral health and hygiene than ordinary
individuals. With a low level of knowledge about maintaining dental and oral health so that caries, calculus and debris have
high rates (Motto et al., 2017) .
Dental and oral health is an integral part of overall physical
health . starting from the cleanliness of the teeth and
mouth of each person (Kusumanto, 2016) . Children with special
needs are a group with a very high risk have health
problems, so they need help from others to maintain and maintain healthy teeth and mouth. Dental and oral hygiene is very important to
support the life of this group
of children. So that both parents and teachers are able to understand and know the principles of health care for children with special needs (Octiara et al.,
2018) .
Based on a survey by Venezuelan Mariana C, autistic children have OHIS in the bad category with a score of 3.4. According to a study by Archana Singh
in Malaysia, 70.7% of autistic
children have bad tartar.
Based on a preliminary study conducted by researchers, there were 75% of
autistic children at SLB N Semarang and SLB N Salatiga also had calculus with
poor criteria.
Autistic children have
problems with their behavior, namely hyperactivity. (Gidel et al., 2022) Both autistic and hyperactive children have
problems with concentration problems. So that autistic children experience
difficulties at school, at home, and in the environment. Hypnosis is a field of psychology that studies the
benefits of suggestion to overcome thoughts, emotions, and behavior problems.
Hypnosis is also known as psychotherapy with hypnosis. Hypnosis can be interpreted
as a science that gives suggestions and orders to the subconscious. (Cahyadi, 2017)
Scaling is
a treatment used to remove plaque, tartar, and stains
from the crown and root surfaces . (Krismariono, 2009) Scaling is a treatment used to remove plaque,
tartar, and stains from the crown and root surfaces . The
success factors for scaling are accessibility, visibility, tool condition, tool
stabilization, instrument grasp, finger rest, tool application (scaler),
angulation, lateral pressure. (Krismariono, 2018) So far, the management system for scaling in
autistic children uses the same method as normal children, namely the parental
approach. So that this research will determine the effect of hypnotherapy in
the management of scaling in autistic children and compare hypnotherapy with
parental assistance.
RESEARCH METHODS
" The
method used in model testing is quasy
experimental pre and post-test design
(Non equivalent Control Group). This design is more applicable to test
causal relationships between two groups where random selection is not possible.
"
The pretest
and posttest design was used to compare the effectiveness
of the control and intervention groups by administering the pretest and posttest. (Hastjarjo, 2019)
Idendent variables, namely hypnotherapy and dependent cooperative children and
decreased Calculus Index numbers
.
The
study population was autistic children at SLB N Semarang City as the
intervention group and autistic children at SLB N Salatiga as the control
group. The sample in this study was 10 in the intervention group and 10 in the
control group.
This
research has received ethical approval for health research from the Health
Research Ethics Committee (KEPK) Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang number
0617/EA/KEPK/2022.
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Table 1
Characteristics
Respondents in Groups Intervention And Groups Control
|
Characteristics |
Treatment type |
P-value |
||||
|
Intervention |
control |
|||||
|
N |
% |
n |
% |
|||
|
Autistic
child���������������������������������� |
||||||
|
1 |
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12-14 years |
6 |
60 |
5 |
50 |
0.461 |
|
|
15-17 years |
4 |
40 |
5 |
50 |
||
|
2 |
Type Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Man |
8 |
80 |
7 |
70 |
0.334 |
|
|
Woman |
2 |
20 |
3 |
30 |
||
* level test
Table 2
Normality test score CI and cooperative attitude of autistic
children before and after treatment
|
Variable |
P-Value |
|
|
Intervention |
Control |
|
|
CI Pre Test |
0.435 |
0.572 |
|
CI Post Test |
0.384 |
0.768 |
|
Cooperative attitude pre test |
0.081 |
0.250 |
|
Cooperative attitude post test |
0.061 |
0.312 |
*Shapiro
wilk
Table 3
CI effectiveness test in groups intervention and control groups
|
Variables
And Groups |
Mean
� Sd Pre-Test |
Mean
� Sd Post-Test |
Delta |
P-Value |
|
Paired
Test* |
||||
|
Intervention |
1.629
� 0.362 |
0.463
� 0.433 |
1.166 |
0.000 |
|
Control |
1.490
� 0.513 |
0.790
� 0.470 |
0.7 |
0.002 |
|
Unpaired
Test* |
||||
|
Intervention
and Control |
0.463
� 0.402 |
0.790
� 0.247 |
|
0.043 |
* paired t tests ** independent
t tests
Table 4
Effectiveness test Attitude cooperative child in the group
intervention and control group
|
Variables
And Groups |
Mean � Sd Pre-Test |
Mean � Sd Post-Test |
Delta |
P-Value |
|
Paired Test* |
||||
|
Intervention |
37.00 � 5.099 |
47.10 � 5.174 |
10,100 |
0.000 |
|
Control |
31.70 � 5.964 |
41.60 � 5.948 |
9,900 |
0.000 |
|
Unpaired Test* |
||||
|
Intervention
and Control |
47.10 � 5.174 |
41.60 � 5.948 |
|
0.041 |
* paired t tests ** independent
t tests
Based on table 1 it shows that most of the children were aged 12-14 years as
many as 6 people (60%) in the intervention group and 5 people (50%) in the
control group. Respondents in this study were male, 8 people (80%) in the
intervention group and 7 people (70%) in the control group.
A sample of 20 people was
tested for normality with Shapiro
Wilk and based on
table 2, the p-value > 0.05 was obtained, that the data was normally
distributed and continued with the parametric test.
Table 3 points results test effectiveness data in pairs show that mark p-values ����������������group Intervention is 0.000 (p<0.05) Which It means hypnotherapy in management of scaling in
children autistic effective in lower calculus index of autistic children. The p-value of the control group
was 0.002 (p <0.05) meaning that parental assistance also reduced dental
calculus in children.��������� The results of the
unpaired data effectiveness test showed that the p-value in the intervention group and the control group was 0.042 (p
<0.05) meaning that hypnotherapy in management of
scaling in children autism is effective in reducing children's calculus index compared to parental
assistance.
Table 4.30 points results test effectiveness data in pairs show that mark p-values ����������������group Intervention is 0.000 (p<0.05) Which It means hypnotherapy in management of scaling in
children autistic effective in increase attitude cooperative autistic child. The p-value of the control group
was 0.000 (p <0.05) meaning that parental assistance also increased the
cooperative attitude of the children.
The results of the unpaired data effectiveness test showed that the p-value in the intervention group and
the control group was 0.041 (p <0.05) meaning that hypnotherapy in management of scaling in children autism is
effective in increasing children's cooperative attitude compared to parental
assistance.
Cooperative
attitude according to the Big Indonesian Dictionary is an attitude of being
willing to help, another meaning of cooperative is cooperative. (Maryati, nd) in this model uses hypnotherapy which
gives repeated instructions, a direct approach to the child according to the
child's criteria and giving suggestions to the child so that the child's
scaling process becomes more calm, and cooperative.
In implementation dental treatments� It is not easy for autistic children because children have
obstacles in receiving care. Children with autism have different
characteristics from children in general, such as social difficulties,
behavioral disorders, hyperactivity, apathy towards the environment and
parenting style in autistic children, causing autistic children to be more
susceptible to dental and oral disease. Therefore the scaling management used
by dental and oral therapists in providing services to normal children is
considered less effective for autistic children, therefore innovations in
scaling management are needed that are in accordance with the characteristics
of autistic children (Đorđević et al., 2016 ) .
Autistic
children need continuous care by dental health personnel, therefore it is
necessary to develop a scaling management plan specifically made for autistic
children (Abougarair &
Abosdeal, 2018) . The best implementation of scaling is treatment
while the child is at school, because if outside of school the child will have
many obstacles to getting good dental health services, such as economic
factors, and the child's motivation to come to dental health services. Based on matter these,
the author compiled a management of
scaling by prioritizing an approach to children both verbally nor non verbal , build connection each other believe
in children, and provide suggestions to children, curative service efforts in
dental and oral health for children with autism by providing management of
scaling in children with autism. This is in line with Ari Andayani's research
which states that hypnotherapy and healing touch can reduce the hyperactivity
of autistic children because Good soft voice and no _ loud
own effect beneficial to the patient temporary treated with maintenance
intensive and reduces pain and stress _ in a manner significant . (Andayani &
Christiani, 2019)
CONCLUSION
Based
on the research results, it can be concluded that hypnotherapy is more
effective in increasing the cooperative attitude of autistic children (P=0.000)
and reducing the Calculus Index (P=0.000) in autistic children compared
to parental assistance.
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Dewi Sartika, Supriyana, Tri Wiyatini, Masrifan
Djamil, Endah Aryati Eko Ningtyas (2023) |
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First publication
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