Syntax Idea: p�ISSN: 2684-6853 e-ISSN: 2684-883X�����
Vol. 3, No. 5, Mei 2021
THE EFFECT OF DHYANA
EDUCATION ON KNOWLEDGE IN LOWERING ANXIETY IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Rihsan Albahri, Mariana D. Lerik, Anderias Umbu
Roga dan Krispinus Nuban
Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang Nusa Tenggara
Timur (NTT), Indonesia dan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan
(STIKes) Maranatha Bandung Jawa
Barat, Indonesia
Email: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected] dan [email protected]
Abstract
Anxiety during pregnancy almost occurs in all pregnant women in each
trimester of pregnancy especially in Primigravida mothers. Anxiety during
pregnancy is caused both physically and psychologically. One of the anxiety
lowering therapies is Dhyana meditation or Mind concentration. By practicing
meditation or concentration of thought get used to being happy at all times, in
all even difficult situations, it will gradually free the dir from posikological problems such as anxiety, disappointment and
stress. Purpose: this study is to analyze the influence of Dhyana Education on
Knowledge in Lowering anxiety in pregnant women. This study uses quasi
experiment method and one group pretest-posttest approach. The samples in this
study were taken in total sampling as many as 49 pregnant women. Method:
Research tool using Dhyana Education questionnaire in lowering anxiety in
pregnant women, statistics test using sample paired T-Test. Result: this study
shows there is an educational influence of Meditation on knowledge in lowering
anxiety in pregnant women primigravida value p= 0.000 (p-value<0.05).
Conclusion: Dhyana education affects knowledge in lowering anxiety during
pregnancy.
Keywords: meditation education; knowledge; anxiety;
pregnant women
Introductory
Pregnancy is a Transition Time, that is a period
between life before having a child who is now in the womb andlife
after the child is born. One of the signs during pregnancy is anxiety (Padila, 2017).
Anxiety experienced by pregnant women is related to
physical changes experienced by signs of psychological changes in pregnant women
who are irritable and irritable (Icemi Sukarni K, 2013).
WHO data (2012) 8-10%.� The pregnant
women get anxiety and it will increase just before delivery to 13%. The
prevalence of diabetes and African anxiety is 9.7 -30%. Anxiety during
pregnancy if not handled properly will adversely affect the mother and the
fetus and will complicate the delivery process (Nugroho, 2012).
Yoga can help pregnant women to prepare physically and
psychologically during childbirth, this is evidenced by research conducted by (Sari & Puspitasari, 2016),
there is a significant relationship (p <0.001) between yoga sports on the
physical and psychological preparation of pregnant women during labor (Sari & Puspitasari, 2016).
Based on data taken at the Baumata
Puskesmas on July 24, 2020, the number of pregnant
women from January to June 2020 was 173 people from 8 villages, namely Baumata village 21 people, East Baumata
village 29 people, North Baumata 8 people, West Baumata 28 people, Oeltua village
49 people, Kuaklao 14 people, Oeletsala
7 people, Bokong village 23 people.
One of the therapies in reducing anxiety is Dhyana
(meditation or relaxation of mind concentration). In doing Dhyana for pregnant
women, the mind of the pregnant woman plays an important role in the
development of the baby (Butcher, Bulechek, Dochterman, & Wagner, 2018)
It is very important for the mother to remain relaxed, calm and free from
anxiety or stress. By practicing meditation, we make it a habit to learn to be
happy every time, in all situations, even difficult ones, gradually freeing
oneself from psychological problems such as anxiety, disappointment and stress (Ngurah, 2001).
Dhyana (concentration of mind or meditation) is a
method of unifying the mind so that it can finally realize God within which
aims to develop one's mind towards the realization of purity of mind in the form
of cleansing the mind from other hindrances such as lust, tension, anxiety, worry,
doubt, evil desire. what is done causes the mind to be more focused and relaxed
(Suristyawati, Yuliari, & Suta, 2019).
Based on an initial survey conducted by researchers in
Oeltua village by giving a HARS (Hamilton rating
Scale For Anxiety) questionnaire to 5 pregnant women, it was found that 2
pregnant women experienced mild anxiety, 2 women experienced moderate anxiety,
and 1 pregnant woman experienced anxiety. weight. When interviewed, pregnant
women said they did not know how to deal with anxiety they experienced.
Research Methods
a.
Research design
�� The research design that used was a quasi
experiment, testing interventions on a group of subjects with or without a
comparison group but not randomized to include subjects in the treatment or
control group (Saryono, 2013).
With the one group pretest-posttest approach where before the treatment of the
sample group was carried out a pretest. Thus the treatment results can be found
to be more accurate, because they can compare with the conditions before being
treated (Nursalam, 2013).
b.
Sampling
A
total of 49 respondents who were involved in this study were taken from the
population of 49 pregnant women with a total sampling technique. total sampling
where all population of 49 pregnant women. Sampling. using the criteria that
have been selected by the researcher in selecting the sample. Samples were
selected with the following inclusion criteria (1) Oeltua
Village Pregnant Women (2) Without Complication of Pregnancy.
c.
Procedure
The
procedure that the researcher has done: administer a permit to the Kupang district health office. The researcher arranged for
a permit to the Baumata Community Health Center.
Researchers select respondents according to the criteria. explain the purpose
and purpose of the research, to prospective respondents. If a prospective
respondent agrees to become a respondent in the study, the respondent is asked
to fill out an informed consent form. After that the researcher distributed a
questionnaire sheet about the knowledge of pregnant women about meditation to
the respondents and explained how to fill the questionnaire to the respondents.
After the questionnaire sheets were collected, the researcher transferred the data
to the tabulation table and analyzed the data.
d.
The novelty of the research.
The
research with the title Effect Of Dhyana Education On Knowledge In Reducing
Anxiety In Pregnant Women, has a difference from previous studies, where in
previous studies the variables studied were only the anxiety variable and in
this study the variables taken were not only anxiety but educational variables
as well as the method being tested is a new kind of satiation therapy. This
research was carried out during the Covid pandemic with a new normal situation
by establishing a health protocol.
Results and Discussion
A. Result
1. Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women Based on
Age and Knowledge.
49 pregnant women involved in
this study who are of Timorese ethnicity. Age data are presented in the form of
numbers and presentations (Table 1). Furthermore, the knowledge data were
categorized into two parts based on the mean value, namely pre-education and
post-education (Table 2,3).
Table 1
Distribution
of respondents by age of pregnant women
|
Age |
Frequency(N) |
Presentation(%) |
|
25-28 year |
18 |
36,8 % |
|
29-34 year |
19 |
38,8 % |
|
>34 year |
12 |
24,5 % |
|
Total |
49 |
100 |
Table 1, the
distribution of respondents based on age in Oeltua village, from 49
respondentsfound that most of them were 29-34 years old with a total of 19
respondents (38.8%).
Table 2
characteristics
of respondents' knowledge before conducting
dhyana
education in reducing anxiety in pregnant women in oeltua village
|
Knowledge |
Mean |
Median |
SD |
Maximum |
Minimum |
|
Pre Education |
9.96 |
9.00 |
2.979 |
20 |
6 |
Table 2 Characteristics of
respondents based on prior knowledge of Dhyana education in reducing anxiety in
pregnant women in Oeltua village, there are Mean (9.96), Median (9.00), Standard
Deviation (2.979), Maximum (20), Minimum (6).
Table 2
Characteristics
of respondents' knowledge after conducting
dhyana
education in reducing anxiety in pregnant women in oeltua village
|
Knowledge |
Mean |
Median |
Sd |
Maximum |
Minimum |
|
Post Education |
17.45 |
17.00 |
2.450 |
20 |
10 |
Based on table 3, the
characteristics of respondents based on their knowledge after educating Dhyana
in reducing anxiety in pregnant women in Oeltua village have Mean (17.45),
Median (17.00), Standard Deviation (2,450), Maximum (20), Minimum (10).
2. Analysis of the Effect of Meditation Education on
Knowledge in reducing stress in pregnant women
Bivariate analysis to find
the magnitude of the influence on each of the independent variables and the
dependent variable using paired sample t-test. A summary of the results can be
seen in table 4 below.
Table 4
The effect
of before and after dhyana education on knowledge in reducing
anxiety
in pregnant women in oeltua village
|
Knowledge |
N |
Mean |
SD |
SE |
p value |
|
Pre Education |
49 |
9.95 |
2.97 |
0.42 |
0.000 |
|
Post Education |
49 |
17.44 |
2.45 |
0.35 |
Based on statistical tests
using the paired sample t-test, the value of p = 0,000 was obtained; <0.05,
this indicates that there is an effect of knowledge of pregnant women before
and after being given Dhyana Education in reducing anxiety in pregnant women in
Oeltua village.
B. Discussion
Identification of Knowledge
of Pregnant Women Before Giving Dhyana Meditation Education in Reducing Anxiety
in Pregnant Women in Oeltua Village.
The results showed that the
knowledge before educating Dhyana in reducing anxiety in pregnant women in
Oeltua village contained Mean (9.96), Median (9.00), Standard Deviation
(2.979), Maximum (20), Minimum (6).
Based on this research, it
shows that more respondents did not know the meaning of meditation, the purpose
of dhyana meditation, the benefits, and ways of doing Dhyanameditation in
reducing anxiety because previously they did not receive health education from
health workers.
Dhyana is a method of Yoga
or meditation to focus the mind, meditation is a process of focusing attention
that spreads into a conscious mindfulness and meditation as self-help which
will help when anxious is stricken. The union of soul and mind during meditation
will help the mother to a calm point that can calm the mind and mentality of
pregnant women during pregnancy. (Putri Suristyawati, 2019) 23.
Identification of Knowledge
of Pregnant Women After Giving Dhyana Education in Reducing Anxiety in Pregnant
Women in Oeltua Village.
The results showed that
after being given Dhyana education in reducing anxiety in pregnant women in
Oeltua village, there were Mean (17.45), Median (17.00), Standard Deviation
(2.450), Maximum (20), Minimum (10).
(Sari & Puspitasari, 2016) said Pregnant women already understand the meaning of Dhyana meditation, the
purpose of meditation, the benefits of meditation and how to do meditation
properly so that pregnant women can overcome anxiety during pregnancy by doing
good and correct meditation.
(Ngurah, 2001) states
that practicing meditation can get used to learning to be happy at any time, in
all situations, even difficult ones, gradually freeing oneself from
psychological problems such as anxiety, disappointment and stress.
(Yessi Aprilia, 2017) said
that the mother's mind plays an important role in the development of the baby.
It is very important for mothers to stay relaxed, calm and free from anxiety or
stress. With the help of meditation, one can instill harmony in oneself.
The Influence of Before and
After Dhyana Education is Given on Knowledge in Reducing Anxiety in Pregnant
Women in Oeltua Village.
The results showed that
there was an effect of knowledge before and after being given Dhyana education
in reducing anxiety in pregnant women in Oeltua village. Anxiety during
pregnancy can be caused by physical changes or psychosocial stress (Livana, Keliat, & Putri, 2016). Anxiety during
pregnancy almost often occurs in all pregnant women in all trimesters,
especially in primigravida (Arifin, Kundre, & Rompas, 2015). Prenatal anxiety
can be caused from external factors (external anxiety) or from within (internal
anxiety) of the pregnant mother (Rahmawati & Ningsih, 2017).
Pregnancy
is an uncomfortable condition (dysphoric) which is defined as the imbalance of
pregnant women to feel capable or resistant to various changes in their
pregnancy adaptation process (Dona Fitri, 2016).
Research conducted by (Suristyawati et al., 2019) the
implications of meditating pregnant women are (1) creating a feeling of
comfort, calm and happiness (2) thinking positively and (3) improving sleep
quality. Based on observations and interviews conducted on six yoga instructors
in Denpasar City, it was found that meditation can overcome anxiety and stress
in pregnant women.
Suka Yasa 2018,
states that meditation is the ability to focus the mind to achieve a state of
peace, tranquility and deep relaxation, giving all body organs the opportunity
to relax, when meditating all members of the body is suggested with words full
of divine power or love, peace and happiness.
Knowledge plays an important
role for a mother. If pregnant women already understand and understand and know
how to do meditation, it is not difficult for pregnant women to do individual meditation
techniques in reducing anxiety during pregnancy (Zulfiana, Cikmah, & Latifah, 2021).
Conclusion
Based
on the results of the research entitled "The Effect of Dhyana Education on
Knowledge Levels in Decreasing Anxiety in Pregnant Women in Oeltua
Village" it can be concluded as follows: 1. The results showed that
pregnant women before being given Dhyana education in reducing anxiety in pregnant
women had more knowledge (79.6%). 2. The results showed that after being given
Dhyana education in reducing anxiety, it was found that more knowledgeable
pregnant women (89.8%). 3. The results showed that there was an influence on
the knowledge before and after being given education by Dhyana on knowledge in
reducing anxiety in pregnant women in Oeltua village. 4. The results of the
T-test statistical test showed that there was an effect of Dhyana's education
on knowledge in reducing anxiety in pregnant women in Oeltua village.
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Rihsan Albahri,
Mariana D. Lerik, Anderias Umbu Roga dan Krispinus Nuban (2021) |
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